Help for women affected by violence in Asia

Background information

Women are particularly vulnerable in a generally patriarchal context, as in many Asian countries, because they are also subordinate to their husbands in civil law. The husband is considered the head of the family with far-reaching powers of control and domination. Indonesian and Malaysian law makes the first to leave the parental home culpable, thus discriminating against women who move away with their children because they have experienced domestic violence. Traditional cultural norms shaped by poverty also still lead to the marriage of underage girls in Indonesia and Malaysia, which can be seen as a structural form of violence. In Indonesia, approximately 1.4 million women are under the age of 18 when they marry each year, with marriages often arranged by family heads and the will of the young women involved not respected. To improve their economic situation, many Indonesians seek employment abroad, for example in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore or the Middle East. Others are even forced by their families to earn money as migrant workers. Quite a few fall victim to human traffickers. More than 9 million people originating from Indonesia work abroad. 75 percent of them are women, with the majority employed as domestic workers and caregivers. In the project region of Hong Kong, the approximately 380,000 foreign domestic workers mostly work under very poor conditions, with more than 40 percent Zavon of them originating from Indonesia. The lack of education worsens the situation of female migrant workers in particular. Few of them know their rights and can defend themselves or seek help for problems related to abuse, sexual exploitation or unhealthy conditions at work. Meanwhile, Malaysia, one of the most popular destination countries for unskilled migrant workers, faces a large number of undocumented people. There are 800,000 stateless people in Sabah, Malaysia, creating complex problems. The Education Act of 1996 (Act 550) prohibits children of undocumented irregular immigrants from attending public schools. The denial of education prevents these children from attaining a better future. Church-run learning centers are trying to fill this gap, which requires cooperation with Indonesian school authorities to ensure that diplomas are recognized when the children return to their parents' home country.

Project goals

• Prevention of sexual and gender-based violence, including trafficking in human beings, and its structural causes
• Strengthening the legal rights of women, youth and children, LGBTQI+, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups such as migrant workers and their children.
• Raise awareness among key actors such as authorities, traditional and religious leaders, educators, and men and boys to promote gender equity.
• Supporting victims of sexual and gender-based violence in legal and psychosocial terms and by providing access to shelters.
• Access to education for children of migrant workers.

Target groups

The primary target group are women who are victims of disenfranchisement, exploitation and violence in their own families or as migrant workers in foreign households or along the migration chain, or who are exposed to this risk. The children of irregular migrant workers in Sabah, Malaysia, are also part of the target group. Men are included in prevention work and campaigns, because gender justice can only be achieved if women and men work together towards it.

Activities

• Prevention activities, such as skills development for community leaders, educators and activists, and public awareness campaigns on: Gender norms and power relations; physical safety and protection; legal frameworks and access to justice; safe access to basic needs; economic, educational and social equity.
• Support activities for people affected by sexual and gender-based violence, focusing on: physical health; mental and psychosocial health; legal assistance and physical protection; socioeconomic empowerment; schooling for children of irregular migrants*.
• Annual regional platform on "Safe and Fair Migration" for mutual learning, networking with authorities and other actors, and planning joint actions and campaigns for better regional coordination and transnational accompaniment of victims.

Project progress

In the area of direct support for victims of sexualized and gender-based violence, including human trafficking, our partner organizations assisted a total of 238 (predominantly female) individuals. The increase in the number of victims supported compared to previous years shows that awareness of gender-based violence is growing and more people are seeking support services. Reintegration and income-generating measures have enabled some of the victims to continue their studies or start their own businesses. For offenders, the GKP newly offered rehabilitation courses at its women's shelter "Pasundan Durebang" in Bandung to promote long-term behavior change. The shelter "House of Hope" of the GMIT in Kupang succeeded in supporting the families of 83 migrant workers who died abroad, a sad high in the death toll.

In its service area, GMIT established support and prevention teams for victims of sexualized violence and human trafficking in ten parishes. In West Java, the GMIT was able to work with the Muslim civil society organization Sapa Institute to establish contact with the Islamic Union of Indonesia, which includes fundamentalist groups. This enabled it to expand its education and awareness-raising activities on the issue of gender-based violence.

In the area of prevention, work was done structurally to change gender roles and relationships in favor of less violent coexistence. Approximately 3,965 people (about one-third men, two-thirds women, five people from the LGBTIQ+ community) participated in awareness-raising activities. Public awareness events, seminars, campaigns, and panel discussions were attended by 3,139 people. Capacity building initiatives, including trainings, courses, and workshops, were attended by 651 people, mostly women. Advocacy activities in policy and church settings reached 494 people directly. Several partner organizations are now implementing a Code of Conduct for the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Harassment (PSEAH) and took action to promote gender equality in leadership positions. The measures are bearing fruit: Three of the project's five partner churches are currently led by women, including the GKEwhich covers an enormous area (almost all of Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo). Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong have been Christian Action educated about gender equity and empowered to better exercise their rights.

The new law criminalizing sexual violence in Indonesia in 2022 was passed thanks in part to the tireless lobbying of our partners GKP, PERUATI and PGI and its intensive interfaith networking. In addition, a bill was introduced in West Java to create integrated services for women, children and migrant workers.

In Sabah, Malaysia, 746 children of illegalized Indonesian migrant workers, who are excluded from public schools due to their parents' lack of residency rights, attended classes at the five community learning centers of the BCCM. 42 new teachers were trained. 67 people, consisting of teachers and employees of educational institutions in Bandung and the surrounding area, learned how to prevent sexualized violence in schools in training sessions, as did 60 primary and secondary school students.